Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population

Introduction Even after the enforcement of the lockdown, the government was unable to control the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Vaccination is the only remaining hope for preventing and controlling COVID-19 infections. The knowledge and attitude of the recipients can influence vaccine acceptance. In this study, we aim to assess the knowledge and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine among the general rural population of India. Methodology A community-based, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021 in the rural part of the Mandya district of Karnataka, India. Individuals over the age of 18 who met the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's vaccination eligibility criteria were included in the study. Demographic details of participants and assessment of knowledge and attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine were done in a designed and validated data collection form. Results The study included 596 participants, with females dominating males by 54.9 % (327). The average age of the participants was 31 years. Among them, 81.71% (487) had adequate knowledge, and 81.5% (486) had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Females (85.3%, 279) tend to have a more positive attitude than males (77%, 207). Positive attitude participants (86.86 %, 423) have a higher level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine than negative attitude participants (57.79 %, 63). Conclusion In the study, we found that 81.71% had adequate knowledge and 81.5% had a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Resumen Introducción Incluso tras la obligatoriedad del confinamiento el gobierno fue incapaz de controlar la propagación de la infección por COVID-19. La vacuna es la única esperanza que queda para prevenir y controlar las infecciones por COVID-19. El conocimiento y la actitud de los receptores pueden influir en la aceptación de la vacuna. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento y la actitud hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19 entre la población rural general de India. Metodología Se realizó un estudio transversal, prospectivo y con base comunitaria de mayo a octubre de 2021 en la zona rural del distrito Mandya de Karnataka, India. Se incluyó en el estudio a los individuos mayores de 18 años que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad del Ministerio de Sanidad y Bienestar Familiar. Los datos demográficos de los participantes y la evaluación del conocimiento y la actitud hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19 se incluyeron en un formulario de recopilación de datos diseñado y validado. Resultados El estudio incluyó a 596 participantes, siendo más numerosas las mujeres que los hombres en un 54,9 % (327). La edad media de los participantes fue de 31 años. Entre ellos, el 81,71% (487) tenía un conocimiento adecuado, y el 81,5% (486) una actitud positiva hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19. Las mujeres (85,3%, 279) tendieron a tener una actitud más positiva que los hombres (77%, 207). Los participantes con actitud positiva (86,86 %, 423) tuvieron un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre la vacuna contra la COVID-19 que los participantes con actitud negativa (57,79 %, 63). Conclusión En el estudio, encontramos que el 81,71% tuvo un conocimiento adecuado, y el 81,5% una actitud positiva hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19.

Fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices in the face of COVID-19 in family caregivers of chronic patients / Temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos / Temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto sobredimensionado en Colombia en términos de incidencia y mortalidad. Cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica asumen el cuidado a largo plazo en el entorno domiciliario en medio del colapso hospitalario. Objetivo: describir, correlacionar e identificar variables predictoras de los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas, estrés y temor ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología: se realizó un estudio trasversal predictivo con 104 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Bogotá, Colombia. En el que los instrumentos de caracterización, temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante el COVID-19 fueron aplicados en línea en el segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: se observó una media de 23.07 (DE=7.2) en temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) en estrés, 10.1 (DE=1.9) en conocimientos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) en actitudes y 1.89 (DE=0.3), lo que muestra que, aunque los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas tienen niveles altos, se observan altos niveles de estrés y temor ante el COVID-19. Hay una relación directa entre el temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, con peores puntajes en mujeres y personas con bajo nivel de conocimiento. Conclusión: se requiere capacitación y apoyo sostenido a los cuidadores familiares, quienes, en medio del temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, continúan sosteniendo el cuidado a largo plazo de enfermos crónicos en el entorno domiciliario.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had an disproportioned impact in Colombia in terms of incidence and mortality. Family caregivers of people with chronic illness take on long-term care in the home setting amid hospital collapse. Objective: To describe, correlate and identify predictor variables of knowledge, attitudes, practices, stress and fear of COVID-19 in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. Methodology: A predictive crosssectional study was conducted with 104 family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Bogotá-Colombia. The instruments of characterization, fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices before COVID-19 were applied online in the second semester of 2020. Results: A mean of 23.07 (SD = 7.2) was observed in fear, 93.18 (SD = 31.6) in stress, 10.1 (SD = 1.9) in knowledge, 1.34 (SD=0.8) in attitudes and 1.89 (SD=0.3) in practices, which shows that, although knowledge, attitudes and practices have high levels, there is a high level of stress and fear of COVID-19. There is a direct relationship between fear and stress in the face of COVID-19, with worse scores in women and people with a low level of knowledge. Conclusion: Training and sustained support is required for family caregivers, who amidst the fear and stress of COVID-19 continue to support the long-term care of chronic patients in the home environment.

Resumo A pandemia pelo COVID-19 tem tido um impacto sobre dimensionado na Colômbia em termos de incidência e mortalidade. Cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica assumem o cuidado a longo prazo no entorno domiciliário em meio do colapso hospitalário. Objetivo: descrever, correlacionar e identificar variáveis preditoras dos conhecimentos, atitudes, práticas, estresse e temor perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal preditivo com 104 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica em Bogotá, Colômbia. No que os instrumentos de caracterização, temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 foram aplicados online no segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: Observou-se uma média de 23.07 (DE=7.2) em temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) em estresse, 10.1 (DE=1.9) em conhecimentos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) em atitudes e 1.89 (DE=0.3), o que amostra que, porém os conhecimentos, atitudes práticas têm níveis altos, observam-se altos níveis de estresse e temor perante o COVID-19. Há uma relação direta entre o temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, com piores pontuações em mulheres e pessoas com baixo nível de conhecimento. Conclusão: Requer-se capacitação e apoio sustentado aos cuidadores familiares, quem, em meio do temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, continuam sustentando o cuidado a longo prazo de doentes crónicos no entorno domiciliário.

Metaversos y mundos virtuales, una alternativa a la transferencia del conocimiento: El caso OFFF-2020

Los mundos virtuales y los metaversos se hallan ante una encrucijada respecto a su implementación como canales del conocimiento. En parte, esta tesitura se debe al COVID-19, contingencia que degenera en una pandemia sin precedentes, abocando a la adopción de soluciones TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y el Conocimiento). Se busca paliar los estragos, siendo la educación y el saber colaborativo de los más afectados. La creatividad e imaginación, aliados con las nuevas tecnologías, parecen ser parte de la respuesta. Previsiblemente, superado este contexto, el uso de estos modelos disruptivos pasarán a ser normalizados. El artículo pretende presentar y entender los mundos virtuales como alternativa para la transferencia del conocimiento a través de un caso de éxito, dando lugar a un incipiente estado del arte. La pregunta de investigación trata de comprobar la viabilidad de estos formatos virtuales como sustitutos para la transferencia de conocimiento. Con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, se analizan las herramientas digitales adaptadas para OFFF-2020-Sevilla, evento cultural para el cual se crea un foro sintético telepresencial. Como hallazgos se concluye con una serie de ventajas y consideraciones a reflexión. Se cierra afirmando que por el momento los mundos virtuales son un apoyo, pero no un sustituto del trato interpersonal.Alternate abstract:Virtual worlds and metaverses are at a crossroads in terms of their implementation as channels of knowledge. In part, this is due to COVID-19, a contingency that is degenerating into an unprecedented pandemic, leading to the adoption of IKT (Information and Knowledge Technology) solutions. The aim is to alleviate the devastation, with education and collaborative knowledge being among the most affected. Creativity and imagination, allied with new technologies, seem to be part of the answer. Predictably, beyond this context, the use of these disruptive models will become normalised. The article aims to present and understand virtual worlds as an alternative for knowledge transfer through a successful case study, giving rise to an incipient state of the art. The research question seeks to test the viability of these virtual formats as substitutes for knowledge transfer. With a qualitative-quantitative approach, the digital tools adapted for OFFF-2020-Seville, a cultural event for which a synthetic telepresence forum is created, are analysed. The findings conclude with a series of advantages and considerations for reflection. It closes by stating that for the moment virtual worlds are a support, but not a substitute for interpersonal interaction.

The society for community research and action on a path toward conocimiento: From silences and statements to solidarities in action in U.S. community psychology.

A first-person narrative essay is presented through a critically reflexive auto-ethnography of a community psychologist's experiences as a member of the Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) and (as of this writing) co-chair of the Cultural, Ethnic and Racial Affairs council. Through this methodological orientation, an analysis of some of the discourses that circulated within the SCRA listserv in relation to the murder of Mr. George Floyd, and amidst an ensuing pandemic are analyzed and discussed in relation to Anzaldúa's seven stages of conocimiento. The intentions that guide and ground this first-person account are to animate deeper reflection, accountability, and solidarity-in-action, as well as an organizational shift in the culture of the SCRA. Guided by a set of questions-What accounts for the organizational silences within the SCRA? How did the SCRA respond or engage with the murder of Mr. Floyd, anti-Blackness, Black Lives Matter, and related racial justice efforts?-the purpose is to turn a critical social analysis gaze to the SCRA in order to align its purpose, values, and mission with liberation and a decolonial feminist praxis. Anzaldúa's seven-stage framework of conocimiento is utilized to describe the possibilities for an organizational cultural shift in the SCRA that aligns with racial justice and liberatory decolonial feminist praxes.

Virtual football course and human formation: analysis of historical and pedagogical elements / Curso virtual de futebol e formação humana: análise dos elementos históricos e pedagógicos / Curso virtual de fútbol y formación humana: análisis de elementos históricos y pedagógicos

RESUMO Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento do curso virtual "Futebol e formação humana: elementos históricos e pedagógicos", ação que compôs o conjunto de atividades virtuais do Projeto Academia e Futebol da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) no período da pandemia de Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). O objetivo foi analisar as impressões dos cursistas em relação à apropriação do conhecimento transmitido nas oito aulas do curso. A metodologia foi realizada pela pesquisa de campo de caráter exploratório, em que foram aplicados formulários via Google Forms aos 47 cursistas que concluíram o curso virtual. O resultado da análise comprovou que as temáticas via conteúdos foram relevantes e que a metodologia para o tempo pandêmico foi adequada, o que propiciou a apropriação dos conhecimentos.

ABSTRACT This is an experience report on the development of the Virtual Football Course and human formation: analysis of historical and pedagogical elements, an action that composed the set of virtual activities of the UFPA Academy and Soccer Project during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The objective is to analyze the impressions of the students in relation to the appropriation of knowledge transmitted in the eight classes of the course. The methodology was based on exploratory field research where forms were applied via google forms to the 47 students who completed the virtual course. The result of the analysis is that the themes via content were relevant and that methodology for the pandemic time was appropriate which led to the appropriation of knowledge related to the themes of the classes.

RESUMEN Este es un relato de experiencia sobre el desarrollo del Curso Virtual de Fútbol y formación humana: análisis de elementos históricos y pedagógicos, acción que conformó el conjunto de actividades virtuales de la Academia UFPA y Proyecto de Fútbol durante el período de la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo es analizar las impresiones de los estudiantes en relación con la apropiación del conocimiento transmitido en las ocho clases del curso. La metodología se basó en una investigación de campo exploratoria donde se aplicaron formularios a través de formularios de Google a los 47 estudiantes que completaron el curso virtual. El resultado del análisis es que los temas a través del contenido fueron relevantes y que la metodología para el tiempo de pandemia fue adecuada, lo que condujo a la apropiación del conocimiento.

Periodos de confinamiento y factores personales que condicionan la transferencia de la formación del profesorado

La crisis provocada por el COVID-19 ha supuesto un gran reto para la formación del profesorado, siendo las tecnologías el motor de transformación del sistema educativo. Si bien el uso de este tipo de recursos esta mediatizado por diferentes factores, entre ellos los personales. La presente investigación analiza la influencia de los periodos de confinamiento sobre los factores personales que condicionan el proceso de transferencia de la formación continua del profesorado no universitario en el ámbito de aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. La muestra estuvo formada por 1826 docentes no universitarios de la Región de Murcia, cuyo muestreo ha sido no probabilístico por conveniencia. El tratamiento de datos siguió un enfoque cuantitativo-correlacional. Los resultados evidencian que los factores internos que influyen en el proceso de transferencia de la formación permanente en el uso de las TIC del profesorado de niveles no universitarios se han visto reforzados tras el periodo de confinamiento. Por tanto, el confinamiento provocado por la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha permitido a los docentes desarrollar competencias tras la formación que les han permitido adaptarse a la complejidad del contexto.Alternate : The crisis caused by COVID-19 has posed a major challenge for teacher training, with technology being the driving force behind the transformation of the education system. However, the use of this type of resource is influenced by different factors, including personal factors. This research analyzes the influence of periods of confinement on the personal factors that condition the process of transfer of continuous training of non-university teachers in the field of application of new information and communication technologies. The sample consisted of 1,826 non-university teachers from the Region of Murcia, selected using the non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique. The data treatment followed a quantitative-correlational. The results show that the internal factors that influence the process of transfer of permanent training in the use of ICT by teachers at non-university levels have been reinforced after the period of confinement. Therefore, the confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed teachers to develop skills after training that have allowed them to adapt to the complexity of the context.

Metaversos y mundos virtuales, una alternativa a la transferencia del conocimiento

Los mundos virtuales y los metaversos se hallan ante una encrucijada respecto a su implementación como canales del conocimiento. En parte, esta tesitura se debe al COVID-19, contingencia que degenera en una pandemia sin precedentes, abocando a la adopción de soluciones TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y el Conocimiento). Se busca paliar los estragos, siendo la educación y el saber colaborativo de los más afectados. La creatividad e imaginación, aliados con las nuevas tecnologías, parecen ser parte de la respuesta. Previsiblemente, superado este contexto, el uso de estos modelos disruptivos pasarán a ser normalizados. El artículo pretende presentar y entender los mundos virtuales como alternativa para la transferencia del conocimiento a través de un caso de éxito, dando lugar a un incipiente estado del arte. La pregunta de investigación trata de comprobar la viabilidad de estos formatos virtuales como sustitutos para la transferencia de conocimiento. Con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, se analizan las herramientas digitales adaptadas para OFFF-2020-Sevilla, evento cultural para el cual se crea un foro sintético telepresencial. Como hallazgos se concluye con una serie de ventajas y consideraciones a reflexión. Se cierra afirmando que por el momento los mundos virtuales son un apoyo, pero no un sustituto del trato interpersonal.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19: Research to develop a measuring instrument.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals about COVID-19 and to develop a valid and reliable scale that can measure these items about COVID-19 and other similar pandemic processes. DESIGN: Methodological scale study with a quantitative approach. SITE: Carried out at the Uludag University Family Health Center in Bursa, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: 415 individuals in the first phase and 367 in the retest phase. INTERVENTIONS: Carried out between March 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Reliability and factor analyses were performed and validity was evaluated. In factor analysis, a scale with 4 factors and 30 questions was obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to the factor scores of the scale. Factors were named A-General Culture, B-Mask, Distance and Cleanliness, C-Mental Status, and D-Way of Information. A 3-point Likert-type scoring system was created for the responses. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha value was 0.894. In factor modeling, 3 of the confirmatory factor analysis fit indices were good and 4 of them were acceptable, so our model was found to be appropriate. The scale was highly reliable, according to internal and external consistency coefficients. The scale was named the Turkey COVID-19 Attitude Scale. p values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The valid and reliable Turkey COVID-19 Attitude Scale, which we developed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals about COVID-19, can be used to guide research during COVID-19 and future pandemics.

[Building COVID-19's semiology: The blind wise men and the elephant]. / Construyendo la semiología de la COVID-19: los sabios ciegos y el elefante.

OBJECTIVE: Construction of mild and moderate COVID-19's semiology between patients and professionals in primary care. METHOD: Qualitative investigation in a phenomenological theoretical frame, from an epistemic justice position, settled in Catalonia, primary care settings, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). 15 patients and 9 professionals participated. Data collection was done through semi-structured phone interviews to patients with a microbiological confirmed diagnostic of COVID-19 and followed at primary care and semi-structured narratives of professionals. Data were triangled by the three authors. RESULTS: We described the most common symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscular and joint pain, and high airways symptoms), those that worry them the most, hesitancy about symptoms and semiology's temporality according to the descriptions done by patients. CONCLUSIONS: Official protocols should include other symptoms as fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle and joint aches and high airways symptoms as frequent symptoms of COVID-19 attending to the stories of patients. Those unspecified symptoms can be unnoticed by patients and professionals and can delay the detection of disease and the contact tracing in primary care. It is necessary to obtain a detailed description of the symptoms and avoid translating them into pre-established medical terms that with their meaning substitute and make the patients' report invisible, turning professionals deaf and blind to a new disease and making more difficult for them to build the narration of disease.

The analyst as user illusion: therapy in the time of COVID-19.

In his essay The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man, Jung states that 'The spiritual problem of modern man is one of those questions which are so much part of the age we live in that we cannot see them in proper perspective. Modern man is an entirely new phenomenon; a modern problem is one which has just arisen and whose answer still lies in the future' (Jung 1928, para. 148). During the pandemic, analytic treatment largely moved to online platforms. I propose an examination of the implications of video therapy for our experience and understanding of the analytic frame and container. Through the introduction of Marina Abramovic's performance piece entitled The Artist is Present, which took place at MoMA, New York, in 2010, I explore some reverberations of technologically-mediated sessions. By putting Abramovic's piece in context with some of my experiences, I draw conclusions regarding a technologically-mediated therapeutic paradigm. Supported by writings from authors André Sassenfeld, Tor Nørretranders and Iain McGilchrist, I introduce the concept of 'exformation' and investigate different neuroscientific presets of human perception and communication. I will ask how they might affect online therapeutic work and our experience of an embodied versus a virtual co-presence.

Dans son essai « Le Problème Spirituel de l'Homme Moderne ¼, Jung déclare que « Le problème spirituel de l'homme moderne est l'une de ces questions qui font tellement partie de l'époque que l'on vit que nous ne pouvons pas les voir à partir d'une perspective appropriée. L'homme moderne est un phénomène entièrement nouveau ¼ (1928, para.148). Pendant la pandémie les cures analytiques se sont largement déplacées de la salle de consultation aux plateformes en ligne. Je propose un examen des conséquences de la thérapie par vidéo pour notre expérience et notre compréhension du cadre analytique et du contenant. En m'appuyant sur la représentation de la performance de Marina Abramovic, « L'artiste est là ¼, qui s'est tenue au MoMa (New-York) en 2010, j'étudie certaines répercussions de séances utilisant la médiation technologique. En mettant la performance d'Abramovic dans le contexte de mes expériences, je tire des conclusions concernant le paradigme thérapeutique quand cette thérapie s'appuie sur la médiation technologique. Soutenu par les écrits d'auteurs tels qu'André Sassenfeld, Tor Norretranders et Ian McGilchrist, je présente le concept d' « exformation ¼ et j'explore différents préréglages neuroscientifiques de la perception et de la communication humaines. Je soulève la question de comment ceux-ci peuvent affecter le travail thérapeutique en ligne et notre expérience d'une co-présence incarnée par opposition à virtuelle.

En su ensayo 'El Problema Espiritual del Hombre Moderno', Jung afirma que 'El problema espiritual del hombre moderno es una de aquellas cuestiones que forma parte de la edad en que vivimos, en cuanto a que no podemos verla desde una correcta perspectiva. El hombre moderno es enteramente un nuevo fenómeno; un problema moderno es aquel que acaba de emerger y cuya respuesta yace todavía en el futuro' (1928, para.148). Durante la pandemia, el tratamiento analítico se movió en gran medida a plataformas virtuales. Propongo una exploración de las implicancias de la terapia virtual en virtud de nuestra experiencia y comprensión del encuadre analítico y del espacio contenedor. A través de la introducción de la performance titulada 'La Artista está Presente', de Marina Abramovic, llevada a cabo en el MoMA, Nueva York, en 2010, exploro algunas reverberaciones de las sesiones virtuales. Al poner la pieza de Abramovic en contexto con algunas de mis experiencias, saco conclusiones respecto a un paradigma terapéutico mediado por la tecnología. Basándome en los escritos de autores como André Sassenfeld, Tor Nørretranders y Iain McGilchrist, introduzco el concepto de 'exformación' e investigo diferentes programas neurocientíficos sobre la percepción y la comunicación humana. Pregunto cómo podrían afectar el trabajo terapéutico online y nuestra experiencia de una co-presencia corporizada versus una co-presencia virtual.

Em seu ensaio O Problema Espiritual do Homem Moderno, Jung afirma que 'O problema espiritual do homem modern é uma daquelas questões que fazem parte da época em que vivemos e que não podemos vê-las em perspectiva adequada. O homem moderno é um fenômeno totalmente novo; um problema moderno é aquele que acabou de surgir e cuja resposta ainda está no futuro' (1928, parágrafo. 148). Durante a pandemia, o tratamento analítico mudou-se em grande parte para plataformas on-line. Proponho um exame das implicações da videoterapia para nossa experiência e compreensão do quadro analítico e do recipiente. Através da introdução da peça de performance de Marina Abramovic intitulada, que aconteceu no MoMA, Nova York, em 2010, exploro algumas reverberações de sessões tecnologicamente mediadas. Ao contextualizar a peça de Abramovic com algumas das minhas experiências, tiro conclusões sobre um paradigma terapêutico mediado tecnologicamente. Apoiado por escritos dos autores André Sassenfeld, Tor Nørretranders e Iain McGilchrist, introduzo o conceito de "exformação" e investigo diferentes predefinições neurocientíficas da percepção e comunicação humanas. Perguntarei como eles podem afetar o trabalho terapêutico on-line e nossa experiência de uma copresença incorporada versus virtual.

The role of Wikipedia in the dissemination of new knowledge: Analysis of the entry desinformación as a changeable concept

The main goal of Wikipedia’s founders, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, was to create a collaborative encyclopaedia driven by the users of the internet who, on a nonprofit basis, would compile and share all human wisdom and knowledge. In times of crisis, such as the coronavirus pandemic, Wikipedia has emerged as a reference point for users around the world. In this vein, Wikipedia once again highlighted its cultural role in the production of available knowledge in the face of new knowledge. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the specific entry of desinformación –disinformation in English– in the Spanish version of Wikipedia, given the importance that this concept has acquired during the coronavirus crisis and given the need to disseminate a homogeneous definition of this term. For that purpose, we have applied the content analysis method to a textual case, that is, to the disinformation entry in Wikipedia. The main results show that the basic characteristics of the Spanish entry of desinformación on Wikipedia are not the suitable ones to inform users or readers of the real meaning of this concept. Furthermore, the content of the Wikipedia disinformation entry is incomplete, disjointed and of dubious reliability. Therefore, this research advocates the creation of a homogeneous definition that permeates the common imaginary and that is the result of a combination of experts’ opinions and the definitions proposed by institutions, governments, media and organizations. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] El principal objetivo de los fundadores de Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales y Larry Sanger, era crear una enciclopedia colaborativa impulsada por los usuarios de internet que, sin ánimo de lucro, recopilara y compartiera toda la sabiduría y el conocimiento humanos. En tiempos de crisis, como la pandemia de coronavirus, Wikipedia se ha convertido en un punto de referencia para los usuarios de todo el mundo. En este sentido, Wikipedia volvió a poner de manifiesto su papel cultural en la producción de conocimiento disponible frente a los nuevos conocimientos. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la entrada específica desinformación en Wikipedia, dada la importancia que este concepto ha adquirido durante la crisis del coronavirus y ante la necesidad de difundir una definición homogénea sobre este término. Para ello se ha aplicado el método de análisis de contenido de un caso textual, es decir, de la entrada sobre desinformación en la versión en español de Wikipedia. Los principales resultados muestran que las características básicas de la entrada desinformación en Wikipedia no son las más adecuadas para que cualquier usuario o lector esté bien informado sobre el significado real de este concepto. Además, el contenido de la citada entrada es incompleto, inconexo y de dudosa fiabilidad. Por ello, esta investigación aboga por crear una definición homogénea que impregne el imaginario común y que sea el resultado de una combinación entre lo que dicen los expertos y lo que proponen instituciones, gobiernos, medios de comunicación y organizaciones. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Communication & Society is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Attitude impaction of information and perception to digital dental practices in respect to coronavirus outbreak

Objectives: Objectives: The study's main aim is to assess the deep understanding and perception of dental practices to manage the digital facilities against coronavirus. Methods: A structured survey was assigned to all dentists practicing an online link Google form and transferred via Facebook, Viber, Telegram, and what's app official dental/medical faculty groups for 3-months from 13 February to 13 May 2020. The questionnaire examined members' awareness regarding coronavirus results, patient identification from the orofacial exhibition as a presumption control measure then understanding of dental staff to proper digital valuability. The statistical analysis was conducted utilizing simple SPSS Statistics V22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A sum of 250 participants answered the questionnaire. Overall, the awareness was beneficial with some distinct responses in control measures against quickening of outbreak ultimately. Nevertheless, coronavirus appeared extremely important and pandemic. Still, the attention toward adopting digital facilities in dental practices was critical and proportionate with overall understanding of the route of transmission, patient protections, and quality development protocols to lessen the chance of an outbreak in the dental practice area. The awareness was acceptable because of an efficiency of 60% and a validity of 45% scores to save time and cost in dropping COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: Best dental health care instructions rely on control measures of understanding and knowledge of dental practices workforce. Educational operations need to concentrate on those two concepts given special attention by logical activation of the digital dental workflow instead of traditional, particularly in times of crisis like coronavirus. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Objetivos: El objetivo principal del estudio es evaluar el conocimiento profundo y la percepción de las prácticas dentales para gestionar las instalaciones digitales contra el coronavirus. Métodos: Se asignó una encuesta estructurada a todos los dentistas que practican un enlace en línea de Google y se transfirió a través de Facebook, Viber, Telegram y los grupos oficiales de facultades dentales / médicos de What's App durante 3 meses desde el 13 de febrero hasta el 13 de mayo de 2020. El cuestionario examinó la conciencia de los miembros con respecto a los resultados del coronavirus, la identificación del paciente de la exposición orofacial como una medida de control de presunción y luego la comprensión del personal dental para la valuación digital adecuada. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando SPSS Statistics V22.0 simple (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EE.UU.). Resultados: Un total de 250 participantes respondieron el cuestionario. En general, la conciencia fue beneficiosa con algunas respuestas distintas en las medidas de control contra la aceleración del brote en última instancia. Sin embargo, el coronavirus parecía extremadamente importante y pandémico. Aún así, la atención hacia la adopción de instalaciones digitales en las prácticas dentales fue crítica y proporcionada con la comprensión general de la ruta de transmisión, las protecciones del paciente y los protocolos de desarrollo de calidad para disminuir la posibilidad de un brote en el área de la práctica dental. La consciencia de que somos aceptables debido a la eficiencia del 60% y las puntuaciones de validez del 45% para ahorrar tiempo y costos en la eliminación del brote de COVID-19. Conclusión: Las mejores instrucciones para el cuidado de la salud dental se basan en medidas de control de comprensión y conocimiento de la fuerza laboral de las prácticas dentales. Las operaciones educativas deben concentrarse en esos dos conceptos a los que se les presta especial atención mediante la activación lógica del flujo de trabajo dental digital en lugar de los tradicionales, particularmente en tiempos de crisis como el coronavirus. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica is the property of Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Assessment of front-line healthcare workers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice after several months of COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Frontline healthcare workers (F-HCWs) are at the forefront of medical care providers against the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has life-threatening potentials. Inadequate knowledge and incorrect attitudes among HCWs can directly influence practices and lead to delayed diagnosis, poor infection control practices, and spread of disease. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic among the frontline healthcare workers (F-HCWs) working at a tertiary care hospital situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh and to identify the factors significantly associated with KAP. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 health care providers across eastern Uttar Pradesh including Basti city during December 2020. Data was collected using a self-primed pretested questionnaire from the FHCWs working at a tertiary care hospital of eastern Uttar Pradesh. In this survey, a convenience sampling method was adopted. 12 items on knowledge, 10 items on attitude, and 5 items on practices related to COVID-19. The other variables consisted of 4 items on socio-demographic attributes, p-value and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed to assess the attitude and practices in relation to knowledge. RESULTS: Of the total 260 study population, 228 were interviewed online, 32 were self-administered. Knowledge and attitude of the nursing staff were highest but practice score was best for residents. Among different age groups knowledge, attitude and practices scores were highest for 35-45, 45-60 and 25-35 age groups respectively. Respondents having 5-10 years of experience had the best knowledge and the attitude score was highest for HCWs having 10-20 years' experience but the practice score was higher for HCWs having more than 20 years' work experience. Overall knowledge score of respondents having strong correlation with attitude (p<0.05) and to the practice (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this survey many F-HCWs reported adequate overall knowledge with a positive attitude and adopted appropriate practices. The F-HCWs with a higher level of education and more years of experience in health care facilities had better KAP towards COVID-19.

Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices of health services vocational schools' students with regard to COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The most critical intervention to control SARS-CoV-2 infection requires appropriate knowledge and attitude towards the virus. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students of a health services' vocational school with regard to COVID-19. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2020 in a university of the Turkish region. Data were collected through an online survey portal. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty-four questionnaires were completed and returned. Students of medical laboratory techniques and first aid and emergency medicine had significantly higher knowledge scores (p < 0.001). More than 43 % of the students (n = 201) used the TV as their main source of information on COVID-19. There was a positive attitude towards preventive measures such as avoiding crowded places and maintaining hand hygiene and social distance. CONCLUSIONS: Health services vocational school students have good knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. The main sources of information were the TV and social media. For this reason, more attention should be given to these issues in the curriculum in order for science-based information sources to be used.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La intervención más crítica para controlar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 requiere el conocimiento y la actitud correctos hacia el virus. OBJETIVO: Determinar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas de los estudiantes de una escuela vocacional de servicios de salud respecto a COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado entre mayo y junio de 2020 en una universidad de la región de Turquía. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un portal de encuestas en línea. RESULTADOS: Se completaron y devolvieron 454 cuestionarios. Los estudiantes de técnicas de laboratorio médico y primeros auxilios y emergencias tuvieron puntuaciones de conocimiento significativamente más altas (p < 0.001). Más de 43 % de los estudiantes (n = 201) usaron televisores como su principal fuente de información sobre COVID-19. Se manifestó una actitud positiva hacia las aplicaciones, así como evitar lugares concurridos y mantener la higiene de las manos y la distancia social. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudiantes de la escuela vocacional de servicios de salud tienen buen conocimiento y actitud positiva hacia COVID-19. Las principales fuentes de información fueron la televisión y las redes sociales, por lo que se debe prestar más atención a estos temas en el plan de estudios para utilizar fuentes de información basadas en la ciencia.

[Knowledge of thromboprophylaxis-COVID-19 in healthcare professionals in Spain]. / Conocimiento de la tromboprofilaxis-COVID-19 en los profesionales sanitarios en España.

INTRODUCTION: Patients suffering from coronavirus infection have an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) associated with COVID-19, which confers a higher risk of mortality. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the knowledge and the different actions in the management of thromboprophylaxis in work environments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with data collection through a Google® form with 19 questions for professionals involved in the care of COVID-19. 414 surveys were received. The quantitative variables were represented with means and standard deviation and the qualitative variables with percentages and confidence intervals. RESULTS: 414 surveys analyzed. 58.2% were women. The most participatory age group was 56-65 years. 95.2% stated that COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of VTE and peripheral arterial microthrombosis. 93.6% considered that outpatient COVID-19 patients should receive thromboprophylaxis. 60.5% of the physicians did not know any protocol for the evaluation of thrombotic risk in these patients. Low molecular weight heparin was considered the main treatment for thromboprophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of doctors consider that COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of suffering VTE and peripheral arterial microthrombosis than the general population, however more than a third do not assess the thrombotic risk and a significant percentage claim not to know protocols to evaluate said risk. The survey highlights the training needs of our professionals in thromboprophylaxis so that our patients receive healthcare with the highest possible quality.

Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection. / Conocimiento sobre la infección por SARS-CoV-2 de Gastroenterólogos y Endoscopistas de Latino América.

INTRODUCTION: After the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, the number of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has increased exponentially, and gastroenterologists and other specialists most likely will be involved in the care of those patients. AIM: To evaluate the knowledge Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists (staff physicians and residents) have about the characteristics of COVID-19, as well as the prevention measures to be taken during endoscopic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included gastroenterologists and endoscopists from 9 Latin American countries. An electronic questionnaire was applied that was designed to evaluate the knowledge of symptoms, risk groups for severe disease, prevention measures, and the reprocessing of endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: Information was obtained from 133 physicians. Ninety-five percent of them correctly identified the most frequent symptoms of the virus, and 60% identified the 3 risk groups for severe disease. Sixty-six percent of those surveyed did not consider it necessary to use standard precautions during endoscopic procedures, and 30% did not consider contact precautions necessary. Forty-eight percent of the participants surveyed were not familiar with the protocol for reprocessing the endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The majority of the gastroenterologists and endoscopists surveyed were familiar with the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the populations at risk for complications. There was a lack of knowledge about prevention measures (during clinical care and endoscopic procedures) and the reprocessing of endoscopic equipment by 70% and 48%, respectively, of those surveyed. Dissemination and teaching strategies that increase the knowledge of specific biosafety measures must be carried out.